Gambar
Ketahanan Bencana
Ketahanan bencana merupakan keupayaan semua lapisan masyarakat dan individu untuk terus hidup, menyesuaikan diri dan berkembang maju dalam menghadapi perubahan yang bergolak atau tekanan akut. Jika sesebuah komuniti itu berdaya tahan maka setiap orang bertanggungjawab, akuntabel dan bekerjasama menggunakan bukti untuk:
- Kurangkan risiko bencana
- Lebih tahan, pulih dan menyesuaikan diri sekiranya bencana berlaku.
Strategi Ketahanan Bencana Tasmania 2020-2025.
Agar komuniti dapat berkembang maju, mereka perlu belajar dan menyesuaikan diri untuk menjadi tahan lasak terhadap bencana seperti yang diringkaskan dalam carta di bawah: Dalam keadaan kecemasan, individu yang tahan lasak terhadap bencana berkemampuan untuk:
- menjaga keselamatan diri dan keluarga mereka daripada bahaya,
- menyesuaikan diri dengan perubahan persekitaran fizikal, sosial dan ekonomi,
- berdikari jika sumber luar terhad atau terputus, dan
- Belajar daripada pengalaman untuk lebih bersedia pada masa akan datang.
Pendidikan Ketahanan Bencana Tasmania
Ketahanan diri tidak berlaku dengan sendirinya, tetapi ia boleh dibangunkan melalui pengetahuan, kefahaman dan latihan.
What is Community Engagement?
Community engagement is defined by the Australian Institute of Disaster Resilience (AIDR) as the process of communities and partners working together to build resilience through collaborative action, shared capacity building and development of strong relationships built on mutual trust and respect.
Source: Community Engagement for Disaster Resilience Handbook
The peak body for community engagement, the International Association for Public Participation Australasia (IAP2), considers community engagement as an intentional process with the specific purpose of working with stakeholders across organisations, stakeholders, and communities to shape the decisions or actions that impact them.
Community engagement is not only about telling people what emergency services and local councils will do in an emergency event, but more about giving people a variety of ways to understand their risks and supporting them to take action to prepare for and respond to their risks along with their neighbours and community.
Penglibatan komuniti yang berkesan dan kolaborasi untuk daya tahan bencana merentasi sektor dan dengan individu dalam komuniti Tasmania akan menggalakkan dan menyokong perubahan sikap dan tingkah laku mengenai risiko. Sebagai tanggungjawab bersama, tujuannya adalah agar rakyat Tasmania berusaha mengurangkan risiko bencana mereka dan membantu membina kapasiti diri mereka dan komuniti mereka untuk menjadi lebih berdaya tahan terhadap peningkatan kejadian bencana.
Fundamental principles for community engagement include:
Strategi Ketahanan Bencana Tasmania 2020-2025.
Effective community engagement is responsive, flexible and recognises the community as the central reference point for planning, implementing and measuring success in any engagement process. Inclusive, respectful and ethical relationships between engagement partners and the community must guide every stage of the engagement process.
Effective community engagement requires partners to develop a strong understanding of the unique history, values, diversity, dynamics, strengths, priorities and needs of each community. It is also important to understand the environmental, political, or historical context that surrounds any hazard, emergency event or disaster.
Effective community engagement considers the complex and dynamic nature of hazards, disaster risk and emergency events and the diverse identities, histories, composition, circumstances, strengths and needs of communities and community members. Because of this complexity, effective community engagement to build disaster resilience is an evolving process that requires ongoing investment.
Effective community engagement requires a planned and coordinated approach between the community and partners at every stage of the process. Potential issues arising from any imbalance in power, information or resources between the community and partners will be proactively managed during the process.
Community engagement is built on effective communication between the community and partners that recognises the diverse strengths, needs, values and priorities of both community members and partners.
Effective community engagement recognises, supports and builds on individual, community and organisational capability and capacity to reduce disaster risk and increase resilience.
The Aim of Community Engagement?
The primary aim for community engagement is to build a sense of shared responsibility with the community and empower them to exercise choice and take responsibility, thereby reducing their reliance on emergency services.
Engagement may be broad or focused, this may include:
- access to practical and fit-for-purpose information, meeting the diverse needs of non-specialist individuals and groups
- public awareness campaigns
- inclusion of risk awareness in school education and professional training and
- local collaborations to help disseminate risk information.
Your aims of community engagement will differ in consideration of which emergency management phase you are engaging in.
For example, in the preparation phase, a local emergency management plan is being development by the council, they want to involve the residents asking what they consider are their local hazards and the infrastructure that needs to be prioritised, this engagement process is about consulting and the feedback is added to the document.
In the response phase, when there is a flood emergency the engagement approach will be about providing the right emergency information at a critical time to enable people to act quickly and safely.
In the recovery phase, after a serious bushfire, the council of the affected area and the government is supporting the local Neighbourhood House and Recovery Enabling Group to co-design a community-led recovery funding program to assist in the community’s recovery. This demonstrates that the aim of community engagement needs to be fit for purpose in an emergency management phase.
A collaborative approach through these phases aims to engage government agencies, businesses, not for profit agencies and individuals in Tasmania’s to encourage and support changes in attitudes and behaviours about risk.
To assist with your aims, it is important to realise that behaviour change doesn’t happen overnight, and this may take time. The phases of behaviour change are:
- Precontemplation- unaware of the problem
- Contemplation- aware of the problem and of the desire to change
- Preparation- intention to take action
- Action- practice of the desired behaviour and
- Maintenance- working to sustain the behaviour over the long term.